The friction between the flowing layers of liquid and the adhesion of the liquid to the pipe wall form a resistance which can be measured…

Friction occurs in all devices and lines in a hydraulic system through which liquid passes. This friction is mainly at the line walls (external friction).…

A distinction is made between laminar and turbulent flow. In the case of laminar flow, the hydraulic fluid moves through the pipe in ordered cylindrical…

The simplest method of measuring flow rate is with a measuring container and a stop watch. However, turbine meters are recommended for continuous measurements. The…

The temperature of hydraulic fluid in hydraulic installations can either be measured using simple measuring devices (thermometers) or else by means of a measuring device…

To measure pressures in the lines or at the inputs and outputs of components, a pressure gauge is installed in the line at the appropriate…

Flow rate is the term used to describe the volume of liquid flowing through a pipe in a specific period of time. For example, approximately…

The hydrostatic pressure p1 exerts a force F1 on the area A1 which is transferred via the piston rod onto the small piston. Thus, the…

If a load F2 is to be lifted a distance S2 in line with the principle described above, the piston P1 must displace a specific…

A vehicle is to be lifted by a hydraulic jack. The mass m amounts to 1500 kg. What force FT1T is required at the piston?